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How to Test a Paper Prototype
怎樣測試紙上原型？
Roles for design team設(shè)計團(tuán)隊的角色：
- computer “計算機(jī)”
- Simulates prototype 模擬原型
- Doesn’t give any feedback that the computer wouldn’t
不要提供任何計算機(jī)不能給出的反饋
- Facilitator主持人
- Presents interface and tasks to the user
展示界面和任務(wù)給用戶
- Encourages user to “think aloud ”by asking questions
鼓勵用戶提問題，來透視用戶的思考
- observer觀察者
- keeps mouth shut, sits on hands if necessary
保持嘴巴緊閉，必要的時用手（提供幫助）
- takes copious notes 大量做筆記
Once you’ve built your prototype, you can put it in front of users and watch how they use it. We’ll see much more about user testing in a later lecture, including ethical issues. But here’s a quick discussion of user testing in the paper prototyping domain.
一旦你完成了你的原型構(gòu)建。你就能拿到用戶面前，觀看用戶怎樣使用它。在后面的講座中我們會學(xué)到更多關(guān)于用戶測試的內(nèi)容，包括人種方面的問題。這是一個紙上原型領(lǐng)域，在用戶測試方面的簡短議題。
There are three roles for your design team to fill:
有三個角色由設(shè)計團(tuán)隊成員擔(dān)當(dāng)：
The computer is the person responsible for making the prototype come alive. This person moves around the pieces, writes down responses, and generally does everything that a real computer would do. In particular, the computer should not do anything that a real computer wouldn’t. Think mechanically, and respond mechanically.
“計算機(jī)”（實際）是一個人，負(fù)責(zé)使原型成為可交互的（生動的）。這個人移動紙片，寫下電腦反饋，通常做每件事的結(jié)果就像真的計算機(jī)要做的那樣。特別強(qiáng)調(diào)，“計算機(jī)”不能做真實電腦辦不到的任何事。機(jī)械的思考，機(jī)械的反饋。
The facilitator is the human voice of the design team and the director of the testing session. The facilitator explains the purpose and process of the user study, obtains the user’s informed consent, and presents the user study tasks one by one. While the user is working on a task, the facilitator tries to elicit verbal feedback from the user, particularly encouraging the user to “think aloud” by asking probing (but not leading) questions. The facilitator is responsible for keeping everybody disciplined and the user test on the right track.
“主持人”是設(shè)計團(tuán)隊中的解說人，并且負(fù)責(zé)指導(dǎo)測試的任務(wù)�！爸鞒秩恕苯忉層脩粢鈭D和計劃的過程，獲得用戶的認(rèn)同，引導(dǎo)用戶計劃一個一個的任務(wù)。當(dāng)用戶正常工作的時候，試圖從用戶那里獲得口頭的反饋，特別指出，鼓勵用戶通過問問題來透視它的思考過程（think aloud）但不能主動引導(dǎo)問題。“主持人”負(fù)責(zé)使每個人遵守紀(jì)律，使用戶測試活動在正常的軌道上。
Everybody else in the room (aside from the user) is an observer. The most important rule about being an observer is to keep your mouth shut and watch. Don’t offer help to the user, even if they’re missing something obvious. Bite your tongue; sit on your hands, and just watch. The observers are the primary note takers, since the computer and the facilitator are usually too busy with their duties.
在房子里剩下的人除用戶外都是觀察者，作為觀察者，最重要的規(guī)矩就是閉嘴和細(xì)致觀察。不能給用戶提供幫助，甚至，他們在明顯的出現(xiàn)錯誤操作時。忍住不說，用手工作，只是觀察。通常，當(dāng)“計算機(jī)”和“主持人”忙碌于他們的職責(zé)時，觀察者是首要的記錄人。
What You Can Learn from a Paper Prototype
從紙上原型你能學(xué)到什么？
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Conceptual mode概念模型
－Do users understand it?用戶理解它嗎？
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Functionality功能
－Does it do what’s needed? Missing features?它做到的是否符合需求？缺少什么功能？
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Navigation & task flow導(dǎo)航和任務(wù)流
－Can users find their way around? 用戶能找到他們的操作路徑嗎？
－Are information preconditions met?信息是否考慮預(yù)處理？
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Terminology術(shù)語
－Do users understand labels?用戶能否理解頁簽？
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Screen contents屏幕內(nèi)容
－What needs to go on the screen?屏幕需要展示哪些（元素）？
Paper prototypes can reveal many usability problems that are important to find in early stages of design. Fixing some of these problems require large changes in design. If users don’t understand the metaphor or conceptual model of the interface, for example, the entire interface may need to be scrapped.
在早期設(shè)計階段，紙面原型可以揭露很多可用性問題，這些問題的發(fā)現(xiàn)非常重要。修改這些問題需要對設(shè)計做大的改動。如果用戶不明白隱喻或界面的概念模型，那么，整個界面都可能需要被廢棄。
出處：大智交互設(shè)計
責(zé)任編輯：moby
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